Hello, and welcome to my infinitesimal corner of the Internet!

I am a researcher and analyst living in San Francisco, interested the intersection of congressional procedure, politics, and fiscal policy.

I contribute to the work of Co-Equal and produce independent research on federal spending and the congressional budget process. I also help mission-driven organizations navigate Congress’s appropriations and budget procedures, CBO scoring, and federal spending data so they can accomplish their mission and goals.

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Recent work

How Have ICE and CBP Used Their $140 Billion from the One Big Beautiful Bill?
Original analysis analyzing how Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have used the $140 billion of funding from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

How Has Funding for Federal Agencies Changed Over the Last Decade?
Original analysis showing how Congress has started appropriating trillions of dollars outside of the annual appropriations process since 2020.

The Army Clause: A Forgotten Constitutional Check on ICE, CBP and the Pentagon
Essay arguing for Congress to enforce the Constitution’s Army Clause through a new point of order, which would allow members of Congress to object to appropriations that violate the Army Clause. Co-authored with Scott Levy.

ICE and CBP Spending under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act
Overview of ICE and CBP’s funding and the effects of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act’s multi-year appropriations.

Appropriations Primer: Annual Appropriations Acts and Continuing Resolutions
Examines how annual appropriations acts and continuing resolutions can reinforce or undercut Congress’s power of the purse.

How the FY25 Full-Year Continuing Resolution Transferred Spending Power to the Executive Branch
Analyzes how the FY25 full-year CR (P.L. 119-4) transferred unprecedented spending power from Congress to the executive branch.

The Trump Administration’s Failure to Provide Information to Congressional Appropriators
Documents how the Trump Administration withheld budget and spending information from the Appropriations Committees, preventing Congress from drafting new appropriations and overseeing executive spending.

Tax Cuts: Comparing Rhetoric with Reality
A historical analysis of the congressional debates over the 1981, 2001, 2003, and 2017 tax cuts.
Featured in the New York Times.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reforms: Comparing Congressional Rhetoric with Reality
An analysis of critics’ claims made during the congressional consideration of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

Short-Term Thinking, Long-Term Costs: Better Budgeting For Better Health Care Policy
Article co-authored with Scott Levy arguing for congressional scorekeeping reforms to strengthen Congress’s ability to develop effective healthcare legislation.

The Affordable Care Act: Comparing Congressional Rhetoric with Reality
An analysis of critics’ claims made during the congressional consideration of the Affordable Care Act.
Highlighted by President Obama.